Episode Transcription

00:00 Hey man, what's up happy to be here by the way good just I need to be very clear that like I saw a person post online about hey guys. If you're stand up comedian, you don't have to do a podcast. I want you guys to know I know yeah like we don't do this because I'm like oh I have to have one yeah we're doing it for my stand up career. We do I have to have we do this for Tim self esteem yeah, nobody to without my Evan. Tell him what you are without this podcast nothing 00:28 there is nothing about me outside of this spot. has a wife. He's got a son, but to love him, but all of that is nothing compared to this podcast. That's right. Never forget 00:45 the existence of what you could call the anti world. so. OK, what does that mean, Tim? all. Mathematically, the existence of the upside down. This all leads back to stranger things. Things I learned last night. 01:16 Wow, but your thought though. What about? Oh, that was my thought. Oh yeah, like we were to do this and we're not doing this for your career. Yeah, we're gonna do this from a career. We're doing this because I enjoy doing this like genuinely. This is my favorite thing. So like I like doing this. We did this when nobody cared and we will continue to do this when nobody we've been. No one has cared the entire time. We we hope more people will care, but if they don't, we know I don't. I don't care if you don't care. I don't care if you don't care. 01:43 I care. care a lot. didn't like you anyway. lot. I care a lot. Oh, you won't go on a date with me. I didn't like you anyway. Actually, you're ugly and so uh unless you say yes, then you are really pretty 02:02 okay. uh Well, I don't care. You care. I don't care. You care. You care. You're the one who cares. No, for real though, I don't I like doing this podcast. Yeah, the podcast is because of the podcast. Not because you're yes. That's what I'm saying. That's what I'm saying. Cool. uh Anyways, have you ever heard of Paul Dirac Paul Paul Dirac? I think I said that wrong. Dirac Paul Dirac Paul Dirac Paul Dirac. Okay, have you ever heard of him? No, 02:30 Okay, so here's his brother off off the heck. Okay, so bald rack. Let's play the game. Let's play. It's pretty easy to get to him to say stupid stuff. Let's let's play judge a book by its cover. Okay, great. Here's a picture of Paul to rack when he was a young man. Yeah, yeah. What do you think either a poet or a person who wants to kill everyone? We don't talk about like 02:57 a guy who like writes poems about girls that he thinks are pretty or a guy who writes books about how he thinks that he's the only one that should be in charge. You know, that's great. You know where he like writes stuff and he's just like actually I haven't figured out and everyone else is kind of dumb and we should either. We should figure out how to get rid of him and put me in charge or a guy who's just like her eyes are like the beam of sun pierces the cloudy sky. 03:27 you know his palms don't rhyme. You know, I think we were told that palms were supposed to, but they don't have to ride. They don't have to. Some of them do the best ones don't. That's true. That is true. Here's a picture of him when he's a little older holding up his passport. Okay, give you any more context of not at all. What about this one? This is him younger again. We're kind of bouncing through the years for him. What's up with his jacket? 03:53 I don't know. I didn't notice that in the smaller version. Maybe it's wrinkles. I don't know. It's very strange. Okay, here's another one of him. He's old again. Go back to the other one. 04:04 Okay, here he is holding in okay. I love an old guy so okay, so he's standing in front of a chalkboard on this though yeah. There's some math equations there. Did this guy figure out something important? Hey, yeah, you're right. You're right. He okay. This is Ponderac is a famous mathematician from the Einstein era. Okay, 04:26 and it would suck to be a mathematician at the same time as Einstein. You know it's kind of like kind of like being Josh Allen right now, where it's like like an Allen's brother. Yeah, 04:40 No, I know you're talking about yeah, but it's like you worked your whole life. You were the best athlete at your school forever. You went to college. People were like, my gosh, you're going to be you're going to go off and then you're in the league at the same time as Patrick Mahomes, and that's who everyone talks about, but he didn't do it when my homes wasn't there. So that's why is he really that great? That's what I'm saying, but I don't know, but I'm talking about like, know, even yeah, the we call it the Michael Jordan era. Yeah of basketball. Yeah, you know 05:09 where it's like there was so many other really great players, but you only think of that one and that's what I'm saying, but I will stay like from and that's why right now when you think of the podcasting era, you're going to think of it as the Jaren Myers era. Okay, oh yeah, the Jaren Myers era of podcasting. Yeah, when people just had podcasts and no one listened to that's what defines the era. I'm not trying to be one of the greats he uh he, but I will say like that time Schrodinger was the same time Schrodinger 05:39 uh so there's other people that you actually do now. It's not just Einstein, but I do get the point you're saying yeah, but the main one you think of you yeah. You do think of if you were to draw a scientist, who are you drawing probably Einstein? Yeah, Einstein, Einstein or Neil deGrasse Tyson. If you're telling me draw a scientist and if you're drawing him with pencil, yeah, just drawing yeah. 06:05 kind of similar drawings right, Neil deGrasse Tyson and and mustache big hair. Yeah, a face with eyes, Neil deGrasse Tyson Einstein is new the grass. They said just Einstein. No, I'm saying there's the look. Yeah, yeah, yeah, they do have like that science look. Okay, you're saying interesting. So direct is interesting because he was born in Bristol, England. 06:33 You asked me to draw a scientist. I would draw Jimmy Neutron. This is the only scientist that matters to me, uh so he was born in what did I say London? Did I say London, Bristol, Bristol, England? He had a Swiss father and an English mother and he initially went to school to become an electrical engineer. Okay, board him. So he left and went to study mathematics at Cambridge and he actually studied at Cambridge under Einstein. 07:02 And uh he was an interesting guy because uh he was very, what's the word I should use? uh Very, nonchalant isn't right, nonchalant is wrong. He just had a very even temper and he did not talk much. So little that his friends actually coined a term, and I shouldn't say coined a term, they were the only ones who used it. 07:30 but they created a unit of measurement that they called a die rack or a derac and a drac is stands for one word an hour because that's all he spoke and so he's he's all trying to do that today. I want to speak in direct starting now. I hate you. I wonder, I wonder how mean I would have to get be to get you to break from this bit. 07:57 And that's exactly what he would do. He would respond to facial expressions a lot. There's a famous story where later in his life when he was a professor, he was giving a big lecture at a university and there was like a moderator, a whole thing. It like a big lecture that a bunch of people came to and there was like distinguished scientists in the room. And so he's doing the lecture and he's doing equations on the board and someone interjects in the middle of lecture. 08:26 I was like, excuse me, I don't understand the equation in the top left of the chalkboard. And there was this long, uncomfortable silence, because he just stared at the guy. And it was so long and so uncomfortable that eventually the moderator stepped in and was like, are you going to answer his question? And he said, that wasn't a question, that was a comment. 08:52 I like this guy. I like that a lot. He didn't ask a question. I just love that the guy said that and he just understand that they're the top left and you're just looking at him like it's almost like you're looking at him like then ask me to explain it. That's such a power like that's not him be like. Will you explain that further? That's him going. I don't understand that and he just goes 09:23 and okay. All right. Yeah, I don't understand that. Okay, okay. Anyways, I'm gonna continue talking here. I just love that he paused and just waited and just stared at him. That's so funny to me, but yeah, he was a very quiet individual, didn't speak much and he he loved math. I cannot over emphasize enough how much this guy loves math. He loved my loves math and he was this big deal because 09:52 He, in multiple occasions, would describe equations as beautiful. And he said, this is a beautiful equation. Like, this is just, this is a perfect, beautiful equation. And he actually, in his free time, like, his favorite pastime would just be rethinking famous equations and trying to solve them in different ways. And so he would kind of break apart equations down to their basic pieces and then solve them in different ways. That was what he did for fun. He loved math. And so he did the electrical engineering and he's like, 10:22 the build stuff part. If I could just do this with just the math part. And then he's like, oh, I can't. And so that's when he can't do just math. That's when he went to Cambridge to start to study uh mathematics. And he's there studying theoretical mathematics. And at the same time, there are kind of two worlds colliding in the world of physics. And I want to pull this up to make sure that I reference this correctly. There's two theories. 10:50 uh actually from Einstein and Schrodinger. so there's ah Einstein's general relativity or special relativity. That was a big theory that had entered the scientific realm. And then Schrodinger's quantum mechanics. these were both... And his cat. Yeah, his cat was a... Well, his cat was part of that. um And both of these were proven through mathematics and experiments and philosophy and logic. And they were well received within the scientific community. 11:21 parts of them that did not mesh well together and there was there's questions that if both of these are true, then there's some sort of issue here within our mathematics. Okay, so Paul sat down. He's like he's like I love math. I'm gonna see if I can figure out why the issue is within this equation and so he sat down and he basically took he took Einstein's e equals MC squared and he reverse engineered it. I don't know what that means either equals MC squared 11:51 E, since energy. No, I like this. E stands for energy, M stands for mass, and C stands for the constant of the speed of life squared. And so what you're finding is if you take the mass of any material or molecule uh and multiply that by the constant of speed of light squared, you're going to get the amount of energy, like potential energy within that object. So if all of that thing got converted into energy, that's how much energy is resting in that thing. 12:21 it's not true. Okay, but it did not none of that's true, but that did not net made it up. That did not match with quantum mechanics because mechanics kind of taught that there was this like quantum world that we don't that we don't understand. That is also dictating all these things that are happening within the known universe. I was in math league at my school and I was single by the way and uh 12:50 and I could not tell you what any of this said. I mean I can understand like moving MC to this, know, but like I don't know what any of this is. So what he did here is he basically took the E equals MC squared equation and he pulled the quantum mechanic equations into this and basically meshed them together right and there's a simplified version of his equation called the Dirac equation. 13:18 and this is the concise version of this. So essentially what this equation is is in parentheses. You have an imaginary number multiplied by the poly matrices multiplied by the derivatives in four dimensions, obviously acted by Fermi and mass, which of a Fermi and do know what a for me in is yep? Okay, keep going subtracted for the Fermi and mass and then all of that is in press. to Alex over a Fermi in 13:45 is the opposite of a boson, a boson and you know what a boson is. Obviously, I Alex you're not dumb yeah, you're Alex. know what boson you're probably familiar with. I don't have boson is I'm no bozo. I'll tell you that you know what the Higgs boson is right. Yes, you've heard of that yeah, so the Higgs boson is like this like building building 14:09 piece of all matter like underneath all matter. The Higgs boson existed right. The boson is is a mall like an attack to me. Now let's just pretend I went to public school 14:22 uh so a boson is an atomic particle. Yeah, what I like about this though, here's what I like is that if I dig far enough, it'll expose that he doesn't know what it is either, but if you keep it at a high enough level, he can talk about it, but if you go a little further, you can feel them typing. You know I'm saying so a boson has a spin. That is a full integer, so 14:51 where a Fermion has a fractional I'm just I'm only thinking about when you say integer. I am only thinking about like people listen to this podcast with their kids in the car. We have like thirteen year old fans and there's a thirteen year old in the back of a minivan right now and their brain is just melted. They're just like derivative of Fermi hyper, but they're just back there like I guy. 15:17 Hey, thanks for listening to this episode of things. I learned last night. If you like this show, we would love to see in our Patreon. It's a great way to financially support the show. We don't make money from this. It just helps us to pay the people who do make money from this. Like Alex and Robert, her editor, and maybe one day, one day me and Tim, maybe one day, but only if you join, only if you join, we can't wait. We can't get paid until you pay. Can't feed Tim's kid until you join. He's so 15:47 of an angel. 15:59 Here's what I should say. When I look at all this, the only thing in here that I feel like I even somewhat understand is the fermion mass, because the fermion is the opposite of a boson, uh a particle that has a fractional spin ratio. So it's just the mass of this atomic particle, basically. That's the one thing that I feel like I even relatively understand here. And then you multiply all that by the wave function, and it leads to zero. And this was a big deal, because what it did, 16:28 is it merged Einstein's special relativity with Schrodinger's quantum mechanics and show that there was a link in it and like a mathematical provable link. A bunch of other uh mathematicians and scientists tested this and they were able to say yes, this does actually like link the two and like this is the missing piece. Okay, you got the Nobel Prize for this. This was a huge deal yeah, which again, Nobel Prize completely image laundering, but yes, but what this did that was arguably 16:57 just as significant, if not more significant, is it ah is it predicted the existence of what you could call the anti world ah and so. 17:15 Okay, what does that mean, Tim? all mathematically the existence of the upside down. This all leads back to stranger things finale. So here's the thing. All matter is created when photons to high energy photons collide. Sure. And then when that can collision occurs, what we get out of it is we get both matter and anti matter. And so matter, which we have long known about 17:43 Here's a hydrogen molecule molecule and that Hydra hydrogen molecule is made up of proton, a single proton and a single electron and the proton is neutral. It doesn't have any charge. Electron um has a negative charge and then inside it are quarks. Quarks have both inside the proton or quarks and quarks have both charges. Obviously they just fill up that proton. Can we just take a second as we're looking at another graph, another illustration here? 18:12 that Tim is again trying to explain complex scientific details to us that he barely understands himself to be clear. I I barely understand this yeah and I just I was excited when you brought a person at the beginning of this. You were like ah hey, it's gonna be easier and we've gone from iodine to now we're sitting here going like so there's there's hydrogen and there's anti hydrogen right 18:42 and I just need you to know I am unwillingly doing this. This podcast I said at the beginning, because I knew that you probably wouldn't listen this far, but if you did listen this far, you're in a position to help because I don't want to be here. This is actually the worst thing that's ever happened to me and I am being forced to do this against my will keep going. Tim explain science to us. I'm going to trip you so hard later. Alex. What did I say to you between episodes? 19:09 What did I say to you between him? He wasn't listening to you. Come on, you can see his face where he's like. Oh, no, what did you say to me? I gotta go. He should turn the Alex. What did I say to you early? What did I say to your last class? Did you write that down and you put that your notes Alex? What did we talk about last week? Huh Alex? Did you did you do the homework? Yeah, a trip you so hard. left the room. I waited for you to be outside of your shot and I was like. It's funny that he said that I 19:38 or what he said about this episode because next episode I'm talking about anti-matter. Yeah, you were like the last one who got called out for being ambitious. And then we're going for this. Okay. And here's the thing. When, so when matter is created, creates hydrogen. This hydrogen molecule is created. We know what it's made out of. Anti-matter. know. Anti-matter is also created. So you have a... 20:05 an anti matter is basically just the opposite of this so ridiculous trying to do this. So within it there's an anti proton protons. Both protons are neutral, so that doesn't change, but we have what they call positron or you also can use the thing that I'm not even going to try to help you make this interesting. Oh, don't worry, I will. I'm excited about it. The positron is is the opposite of electron, so it has a nade, so it has a no. I'm trying my bad. It has a negative charge and 20:34 the all the quarks, the positive on has a negative charge. Yeah, no, the positive has a positive charge. Sorry that makes lot has a negative charge positive on has a bright charge and then all the quarks. They're just the opposite. They have the opposite charges right. What's really interesting about this is these things are both created during that collision and when they collide, if they collide back with each other, if matter and anti matter were to come into contact with each other, uh they annihilate each other is the word that scientists use because there's zero 21:04 Yeah, there's nothing. Nothing exists because it's a naked. It's a positive and negative like they they they cancel each other out. Okay, exact opposites and what we see and this has since been observed. We've actually done experiments to observe that this is what happens when these so much worse than I thought it was in my picture. It's a low res image Robert. When you put this on the screen, you have to like 21:32 de hands the image just make it so much worse. This is this looks bad on my screen, but it's like you can did the brightness on the TV just adjust as well, because it probably was just like oh yikes. Oh my gosh dude. So what is happening here? I'll explain this. This looks like runescape graphics dude. That's crazy. It looks so much better on my screen. It still doesn't look good, but it's so much better than this. 21:58 What happens is you when you have anti matter and matter collide. What's very clear is that this used to have a white background is the problem and they cut it out and then they cut the white background out. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. When they when it collides, what you get out of it in both directions of the collision and like opposite directions, the collisions you get gamma rays and so okay, photons come out of it and it's pure energy. So a hundred percent of the mass of the anti matter, a hundred percent of the mass of the matter come out in the form of gamma rays as energy and so 22:27 What's interesting about this is that potential energy from E equals MC squared that we almost can never realize because we can't every anytime we create energy, ah it's not fully efficient. So we only get a percentage of that energy out of any sort of reaction that creates whatever energy we're creating. uh But with antimatter collisions, 100 percent of the mass of that matter is converted into energy, both for the antimatter and the actual matter. Right. ah And what is interesting is these 22:57 exist out in the world in a lot of ways. We know that from the beginning of universe when everything was created, 23:10 What do we know about that time? Tim, the that there was a collision of particles. This is interesting that this is where you're trying to go with. I hey, hey, hey man, yeah, I'm listening. There's a collision of particles and what's really interesting is we can see ah we can observe ah that there is somehow more matter than anti matter in the universe. Okay, but that shouldn't be possible because we know when these 23:39 photons collide, it creates matter and anti-matter. And when matter and anti-matter collide, they cancel each other out and they annihilate. Therefore they're equal. And so the universe should be nothing but light. We should have nothing but gamma rays in the universe, but we have matter. And so this is known as the Borean problem, where there is to every, ah there's a billion to one ratio of matter in the universe, where for all the anti-matter in the universe, one matter didn't have a mass. 24:09 each one like particle of matter didn't have an anti matter match and we don't understand why and so what so when there's a billion in one so for every piece of anti matter in the world. So there's a billion. I should say there's a billion pairs okay in that there's nine hundred ninety nine million nine hundred nine thousand nine hundred ninety nine pairs that had matter and anti matter and they cancel each other out. There's one, but there's one where for some reason that anti matter didn't have a pit or that matter didn't have an anti matter parent. 24:37 was able to continue on for some reason and that's how we got everything. All the matter that exists comes from this mystery, basically of how we don't understand why there's no anti matter. What was that face just the mystery ah and so this is one of the things that is Ken Ham say about that Ken Ham doesn't know about that. 25:03 You 25:07 I just love that on threads you've been increasingly antagonistic to the kin ham answers in Genesis account that you've been responding. I you guys are doing really bad theological work. I didn't know you saw I got really bad because I just realized the other day yeah they've been trying to pretend they're the Bible project. looks like yeah because I because it's happened to me a couple times. I've seen this and I've been like I'm like that's weird that the Bible project process saw post of this and then I was like oh it's not the Bible project and then the other day I was like why do I think this is and I looked and I was like the logos are almost the same 25:37 Yeah, and they definitely did that after the project right and that makes me mad. You're trying you're like you're like piggybacking off of a good organization that is doing good sound scholarly work while you're doing whatever conspiracy theory crap you're doing yeah building a giant boat for money laundering for sure it's insane and it makes me mad and I we're not fans of the creation. I didn't realize you could see that but we will say this week sponsor is the creation. 26:06 really grateful that they paid us to tell you to go there. You can go see how dinosaurs and humans probably exist at the same time. According to Ken Ham and also the earth is was he said six thousand of years old yeah yeah. You know and he's got a whole got a whole thing and he said and you disagree with him. He'll argue with you right there. He will argue in the arc yeah, like experience and it's it's bad. So you go 26:36 use code your liar, you're a liar, a liar, that's a twenty percent, it's for you know, because they made it for the Doms. It is the promo code is not spelled. You're a liar as in like y o u apostrophe re. It is why you are a hell high er. They made it. They made it for 27:06 they made it for those of you are like. Oh, I got to take this deal. I I grew up. I'm my it's so crazy. I was talking to my parents this weekend about the shift in their life about how we were those people yeah and like my mom did say that when my when the church, the cult that we were part of started doing the Ken Ham DVD series that that was a thing where she was like. I think we got to get out of this. This is nice. I don't think we believe this. This is weird yeah and so 27:35 but it's like we we grew up being the kind of people who would have gone to the creation museum yeah you know and now we're so far from that yeah that it's like it's become almost like incomprehensible to us yeah yeah it's interesting it's like i mean i guess i think that's where the museum is isn't comprehensible i was about to just like be like i'm sure it doesn't see maybe kentucky yeah yeah comprehensible kentucky 28:05 I hate you so much for that. 28:10 Yeah, I'm a pro. keep going. So antimatter is significant. We are trying to understand it. It's one of these things we know exists. We know for all matter that exists, there is an antimatter pair or theoretically an antimatter pair. Sure. And we're trying to understand it. And that's part of CERN, the Large Hadron Collider. They're trying to discover a lot of things. But one of the things they're trying to understand is what, why did matter continue? Like matter should have been canceled out in the Big Bang, but it was not. And we're still here. How did that happen? 28:39 So trying to understand this. Something pretty incredible happened earlier this week ah that will take a while for us to see the impacts of this because CERN conducted an experiment to see if they could transport antimatter. Because here's the thing about antimatter. If it touches any matter, it annihilates both of them. They both disappear. ah And a lot of energy comes out of that reaction. And so that's something that's never been done before. 29:08 transporting these things because you any container you put it where is anti matter? What do mean? What do mean? What do I mean? It's all around. That's a good question around you. No, I'll tell you, I'll tell you, I'll do we in anti matter. I feel you all around me. Time matter annihilating. There is a counseling appointment happening in a store and I know because they turn the sound machine on and that sound machine does nothing. 29:38 compared to my songs. It keeps us from hearing them, but it doesn't keep them. It keeps us from hearing you, but yeah, hey, sorry, I asked about your husband. You made me consider wearing a t shirt that says I'm going through a divorce, so I don't do that. 29:57 you can buy. I'm going through a divorce. Please don't bring up my spouse t shirts on our website right now. Those are pretty easy to design. Those are on there right now. I'm going through a divorce. Please don't ask about my spouse. The great thing about that shirt is you'd probably get a lot of questions. Don't ask about my spouse. I'm going through a divorce yeah yeah and we have them in different colors. 30:26 we've also got we've got some gossip. We've got something to say. I'm getting divorced or uh I'm divorcing my you know, like we got here. We got different options. We have. I'm going through a divorce and then we've got um my wife is divorcing me and then I've got. I'm divorcing my wife so that you can tell people you tell you could see the the right away. You can be like hey, I'm the one it's me. It's 30:54 that it's not and we're running Facebook ads on those to really target the right audience. 31:02 the way it's like the lady who came to my stand up show and I was like are you enjoying the show so far? She's like the first row and she seemed like she was like sure I was like sure that's not a good answer. She was well you haven't hit my group yet what I said. Who's your group? Are you single? Are you or she goes well? You said single you said married and I said are you divorced and she was widowed yeah probably wasn't gonna 31:25 probably wasn't going to bring up. I wasn't going to middle of my comedy show be like hey, is anybody here lost the love of their lives to the horrible thing of death that haunts all of us? Anybody, anybody here gone through the horrible grief of losing a life partner that they've built a decades of life with just to know anybody, anybody, anybody really good joke about that that you're going to love. You're going to love this joke. I have crazy 31:56 Anyways, unless you killed him, then I lots of jokes about you killing your spouse. 32:03 Oh boy. Am I sick? I sure do need Tim stones. Get well quick trick. And what is it? It's simply chug an entire gallon of orange juice. Wow. I forgot. And then this shirt reminded me, I'm so glad that I have this shirt as a public service announcement, a public health service to other people around me. Do your part. Get this shirt. 32:33 shop.tilland.com 32:41 So, anti-matter, the way we get it is it's created a lot of different ways. Like, naturally, it's created in labs all the time. But because uh matter and anti-matter annihilate each other, it's really hard to capture. And so, a pretty reliable way to create it is within the Large Hadron Collider. And when that collision happens, we create anti-matter and matter because we're shooting photons at each other. Right. uh Shooting them right at each other. And there's a device 33:10 that they have within this whole system called the Penning Trap. And essentially, let me get a picture of this. Essentially what it is, is it's this little tube that through a series of electrodes and magnets creates this small vacuum that that little bit of matter or anti-matter can shoot into and then just kind of float in the center of this vacuum in this tube. It creates... 33:39 It requires a lot of energy ah to contain these things. And so what they did is they took one of these out of the full collider and they put it in this large assembly. And so in the middle of that, you can see the Penning Tramp in there. And this whole thing, this is a graph of what it looks like, but this is the actual device. So essentially it's this big power unit that within it has this. 34:01 magnetized, chirogenically sealed unit for those listening. It looks like a giant computer, but when I say giant like this is still like this is probably six feet tall. Yeah, it looks like maybe yeah, you know, so not like huge, but it looks like an old desktop computer like you know the tower, but that does over actually and then within it is this little component that's holding these uh anti matter particles and there's a okay a vacuum. It's like a artificial vacuum in there that's holding it and so they created these particles 34:31 from the Collider, captured him in pending traps, put the pending trap in this big system that basically was going to sustain the pending trap and keep the pending trap uh from moving or shifting at all and transport. And so it's this big thing that is going to make it not move and they put it in a truck. Okay, and they said let's see if we can drive this around and so they spent a half an hour on the road. First time anyone's ever tried to transport this driving around the certain and what happens if they do like were they expecting this thing to like 35:01 blow up or what? So this is what's really interesting about anti-matter. When we're talking single particles, like an immense amount of energy is released, but it's equivalent to the amount of mass of these particles, which is not a lot. Right. And so like this does shoot out gamma rays and it's detectable. We know what's happening, but it's not something that is going to cause damage to anything. OK, you need um I shouldn't say significant amounts. You need to be approaching a gram. Well, probably not even a gram. 35:30 Approaching micrograms of these molecules for it to damage something. Okay, and this is just single particles and so sure sure sure sure sure we're we would need billions more of these particles for it to be able to damage anything and so The worst thing that could happen here is you lose the antimatter Sure, which cost a lot of money to create because you had to run the collider to create them and so it's a loss of money, but What is really exciting about this is it was successful? 35:59 They drove it around, they drove back to the lab, and all the matter was sustained. They had about 100 antimatter particles within this, and it all survived. And what makes this so significant is because this is the one place where we're actually, in the world right now, where we're actually able to capture antimatter to study it. But because the nature of the Large Hadron Collider runs on magnets, those magnets interfere with most devices we could use to study it. And so this is not a place where you could actually do a lot of really good science with these particles. 36:27 So transporting them off site is what allows, what would allow us to be able to actually research these and study these and understand them more. And this just happened this week. This happened earlier this week. Okay. And so this success, there is this, this unit has about, about a four hour power span. And so we could travel it up to four, we could transport it up to four hours away from the collider. I we can get to some other labs to actually do some real science. And what makes this so significant is because of the potential energy. 36:57 in anti-matter, if we could figure out a way, right now, it is very slow to produce it. We only get a couple of particles at a time. And it's incredibly expensive, costs literally trillions of dollars to produce these. And so it's not economically viable to use these in any way. But the amount of energy would be if we could do some research and figure out how to create these in a more viable, much cheaper scenario, 37:26 unbelievable in terms of the amount of energy we could create out of this for example, we get power the world. Yes, there is. Let me pull up the math on this. 37:52 Are you done? He just searched screams again 38:07 He did this yesterday waiting in line at TSA for six hours. Just watching screams full volume on his phone. 38:20 that's how many screen take dogs. You have to watch in public to get kicked out of a place. Are you okay? Okay, I'm done with his bed. I just like to look up screaming. Sometimes if you feel unsafe in an uber, just go on tick tock and search screaming and then just watch loud screaming videos because then the driver is going to feel more unsafe than you. I promise shift the fear. Hey, let's do a quick thing right now. Let's do a quick thing right. If you're in an uber right now, 38:49 and you feeling safe? Listen to this like play this video a lot. Turn this up and honestly you might want to take your phones out for a second. No, no, no, no, promise. I'm not gonna do. I'm not like oh you're a new right now. Oh, you feel unsafe because the guy looks kind of creepy. You said he smells bad. That's a little rude. Oh, okay, it does sound like he sells bad. You're right. 39:18 You said the music's too loud. He keeps playing bad music. What music is he playing? No, put the knife away. We don't need to use a knife in the Uber. Tell him you're getting divorced. He should know. He should know. So he doesn't ask you a question of feeling comfortable about it. All right, well, we'll see you when you get here. The knife factory will see you dropped off here at the gun store, 39:48 Okay, so a kilogram of anti matter sure, which is a lot. We should say that that would that is a lot to create. Yeah, we don't have a over legal amount you're allowed to carry for sure. We don't have a system. How much a matter you got on you right now? Probably a good kilogram. Yeah, I do much now. It literally the calculation right now, based on how much we can create in a single collision in the Collider 40:18 If we ran the Collider 100 % of the time, it would take us a billion years to create a kilogram. Oh my gosh. Yeah. So that's how slow we're creating. Okay. We to find a way to create faster antimatter if we ever want to use it or to create antimatter more reliably and quicker and cheaper. But if we could get to a point where we could create one kilogram of antimatter and use it, uh that would create 180 petajoules of energy, which could power the entire earth for a day. And so if we could get to the point would go through that in a day though. Yeah. 40:47 But it would, one single plant running a kilogram with literally a kilogram of antimatter could power the Earth for a day. And so if we could get to a system where we could reliably produce this and it would have to be in multiple kilograms consistently pretty cheap, then this could be a massive producer of energy in the planet. And it's super clean. There's no byproduct. There's 100 % burn. 41:16 There's no ash, there's no smoke, there's nothing that comes out of it. 100 % of these are converted in, 100 % of these molecules are converted in. So we would be able, you think we would be able to power like our cars and cities and everything? Yeah, you could power everything and to be 100 % clean, which would be an incredible discovery. Also, it's the same thing with like space travel because right now, again, these, all of our chemical reactions that we use to power or to burn engines for rockets, 41:45 they are not completely efficient. There's byproducts that come out of it and they are relatively slow in terms of the amount of energy that they create. If you could generate a antimatter rocket uh that ran on antimatter fuel, one, would consume significantly less fuel and create significantly more energy and be completely clean. And you could theoretically uh reach speeds that are significant fractions of the speed of light. 42:15 literally be able to transport through space into other star systems in the matter of just a couple years versus right now where it's hundreds of years, if not thousands, to get anywhere interesting. so this is, again, a lot of science has to happen for us to get to the point where we can use this. But this is kind of that first groundbreaking step in getting antimatter somewhere where it could be studied. And then if we can figure out how to mass produce it relatively cheap, 42:45 this could potentially be kind of a watershed moment in the history of the world. Wow, also it could be used for bombs. Yeah, yeah, you you don't need very much of it and what's very significant about it. What is the other end of this graphic say? How many nuclear bombs detonated together? Oh, all all nuclear, but oh that all nuclear bombs, thirty thousand warheads or is it a hundred and thirty thousand warheads, thirty thousand thirty 43:15 He's simultaneously exploded. Yeah, we have, we have like, I think we have like 12, 13,000 if 30,000 warheads in total simultaneously exploded, that would be seven thousand militants of TNT. And then one ton of anti-matter. But yeah, that's one ton of anti-matter. That's a lot of anti-matter. But yeah, it would be 21,500 militants of TNT, which I looked it up. These conversions are a little rough, but theoretically compared to what we see from like nuclear blasts, 43:44 the blast radius of this would be larger than the earth. Yeah, so wider than Australia, for sure. What it? What's significant though is in these bombs realistically, what would happen is they would you be using like micrograms of it. So that way you'd be a little bit more controlled and the blast radius wouldn't be the entire planet. But one it's clean. There's no radiation. So there's not like a nuclear winter that you get out of it. So the scary thing about this is these become like 44:14 actually somewhat viable nuclear scale weapons because it doesn't destroy the whole planet. If you use it, it just decimates that location ah and so it's the mutually assured destruction thing that we get with nuclear bombs kind of goes away with an I matter bombs. ah If you use small enough and I, why do we get to this point at the end? Why did you bring this up? I don't think you had to do this part. We could have left this out. Instead, you're like, well, it does actually make warfare 44:42 you know, significantly more horrific. But anyway, you know, next week we're going to talk about that. You're like, why are you doing that? Well, the explosion, I don't know if you would even call it more horrific because the explosion doesn't actually like like explosions now, like there's just a bunch of energy and it burns things up and destroys things. This like just that dilates things. So if you're in the blast radius, you just disappear completely. All your matter is just gone. And there's just a vacancy in the space that you occupied and the space that the whole area that that blast was in that occupied. 45:10 So maybe more horrific. I don't know. Now that I say that out loud, it's actually less horrific because you're just gone. You just disappear. You not only just die, but you're gone. This is really great. No, no, no, I love our show. I love our better uses. I've better. Sure, we could talk about better things. Please forget about war stuff. Forget about war stuff. um This is actually used today, though. We actually have an anti matter use case that we use today in pet scans. 45:38 Okay. are PET scans stand for positron emission tomography. And the way we do this is really interesting. uh Essentially, we disguise a radioactive molecule as a sugar and we put it in this solution. We inject it in to people. And when that goes inside the body, the radioactive elements within side that decides, disguised molecule disperses throughout the bloodstream and then it breaks down. And when it breaks down, 46:07 it emits a positron and an electron uh antimatter and matter. And then when those collide, it shoots off those gamma rays. So what we do is we inject that into your system. It goes throughout all your bloodstream. We put you in one of those devices that look just like a CT scan. And that CT scan waits for the two gamma rays to shoot out of you. And then it traces those back to the point where it came. And then from that, it creates a 3D model of your insides. 46:37 of your inside crazy and we use these to like detect tumors map the brain before brain surgeries like we use these for really advanced medical imaging. That's crazy, which is unbelievable again. Those are the things it's like if if humanity were to this have to reset it wouldn't. I would never figure that out for you. You know it would be. It would be. It would be gone. It would be 47:06 a billion years before we figured that out, but here's the interesting. Here's the craziest thing about all this. We can't technically tell at great distances the difference between matter and anti matter because light is still light, right? So the photons amended or the photons that emit from uh anti matter matter and the photons that reflect off manner and anti matter are the same, and so there are scientists who theorize that potentially 47:35 some of the solar systems that we see in deep space may be anti-matter solar systems because these things are opposite of matter, but they are the same in terms of their properties. And so in the same way that our entire world is made up of different matter molecules, there could be an anti-matter world or an anti-matter universe complete with star systems and planets and living beings that are completely made up of these anti-matter molecules. 48:04 And we would not know until we were able to look at these things closely under a microscope. so theoretically, there is this opposite universe that is an exact opposite copy of all of us in terms of matter and anti-matter. And if for some reason we were to ever like touch, we would annihilate each other. And so there's a potentially is an anti-matter version of you looking up at the stars every night while you look up at the same stars. 48:33 as the matter version of you and he says fiddle on. Oh, you're in an uber and you don't feel safe. You should listen to the Carter, Jeff scale episode of Tillin ask the regard to put it on have him search things. I learned last night. It's a that's what you should do. You should be sharing this episode with Uber driver. Yeah, yeah, no, just have him do it. Have him do it and then ask him if he considers supporting us on Patreon or her. guess I'm being a little 49:03 well yeah. Okay, so him ask him to support us on patreon for next week's episode. Okay, ask him what he say. He said no. Oh yeah, don't worry. A lot of our listeners support. A lot of our listeners also say no. So if you like this episode, like and subscribe also say that to him. Hey, if you don't like and subscribe, I'm gonna leave a three star review 49:33 so friend your uber drivers with bad reviews. They don't like our podcast. All right. All right, we'll see you soon. So I'll see you soon at the gun store.